BCC2010/Auth/3
MUSIC
LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Bibliographic
Control Committee
MLA Liaison Report to BCC from ALA
Annual Meeting
Washington
D.C., June 24-29, 2010
LITA/ALCTS—CCS
Authority Control Interest Group (ACIG)
Sunday, July 27, 2010
1:30-5:30PM
Open Meeting
The theme of the open meeting was Authorized Genre, Forms and Facets in RDA
and consisted of three
presentations, plus a report from the Library of Congress. Presentations are
available on the ACIG page
on ALA Connect (http://connect.ala.org/node/107447)
1. LC Update to the Authority Control Interest
Group – by Janis L.
Young, Policy and Standards Division (PSD), Library of Congress (LC)
RDA
Testing: Creation of
bibliographic and authority records for the RDA National Test will
begin in
October 2010 and will run until the end of December 2010. LC has developed
documentation for its
catalogers, which includes policy decisions and training materials, and
is
available at http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/
rdatest.htm. As
the RDA test
progresses, these decisions may be changed or rescinded.
RDA
Entities: The entities Fictitious characters
and Family names overlap with
categories of
headings already established in the Library of Congress Subject
Headings
(LCSH). For the
purposes of the RDA
Test, if a fictitious character is needed for a descriptive access
point (e.g.,
attributed as an author), LC will establish the fictitious character in
the LC
NACO Authority File (LC/NAF). If
the
fictitious character exists in LCSH, PSD will be informed, with any
action on
the existing heading to be deferred until after the testing period is
over. Fictitious
characters not needed
for descriptive access points should still be submitted as subject
heading
proposals. If
family names are needed as
a descriptive access point during the RDA Test, LC will establish the
name in
the LC/NAF. However,
family names in the
LC/NAF cannot be used as subject headings.
The currently existing family name in LCSH must be used. This may lead to some
situations during the
RDA Test where a single family is represented by two different headings
on the
same bibliographic record. As
before, if
a family name is needed for use as a subject and the name does not
exist in
LCSH, a proposal should be made via SACO.
Geographic
Coordinates: On
approximately 77,000 name authority records (NARs) for jurisdictions,
geographic coordinates have been added in a 034 field.
The data was extracted by the OCLC Office of
Research from 670 fields existing in the NARs and from various
geographic
databases.
Virtual
International Authority
File (VIAF): Membership has been extended to the Library and Archives Canada, the Getty
Research Institute, and the NUKAT
Center
of Poland. The National Institute of
Informatics of Japan,
the
National Library of Slovenia, and the National Library of Hungary have
requested membership. The
scope of VIAF
has now been extended to include corporate, conference, and geographic
names. Subject
headings will not be included in
VIAF, as there is no one-to-one correlation between subject terms in
the
various authority files which make up VIAF.
Authorities
and Vocabularies: This
SKOS-based service at http://id.loc.gov
is now
accepting suggestions from the general public for changes or additions
to the
terminology already present. The
service
is also exploring possible links to translations of LCSH, currently
available
at the Biblioteca Nacional de España , the Biblioteca
Nacional de Chile, and
the Université de Laval.
2. The
Library of Congress’
Genre/Form Terms: A Faceted System – by Janis L. Young
Genre/Form Update
As
of now, two genre/form
projects, recorded sound and moving images, have moved out of the
developmental
phase and are now in the maintenance phase.
Four projects involving cartography, law, music, and
religion are
currently in active development. Plans
are in the works for genre/form terms related to literature.
For
cartography, 65 genre/form
terms were approved on May 19, 2010.
Existing inverted headings were revised to direct order
when
necessary. Revisions
to form
subdivisions will be approved by August 18, 2010, with LC
implementation to follow
on September 1, 2010.
For
law, LC has been working with
the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) and they are nearing
agreement
on terms that will be formally proposed that more than likely will be
approved
before the end of 2010. LC
implementation will follow in early 2011.
In addition to the initial list of terms, LC and AALL are
conferring
with the Jewish Theological Seminary and the Association of Jewish
Libraries
Cataloging Committee to develop a list of Jewish legal terms. The possibility exists for
the law project to
also add terms from the religious laws of other religious groups.
For
details of the music project,
please refer to Geraldine Ostrove’s presentation below.
For
religion, LC is collaborating
with the American Theological Library Association (ATLA) to develop
terms. The project
is in its infancy and just
started work in June 2010.
All
of the genre/form
terminologies will be formally separated from LCSH and will be named Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for
Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT).
The MARC source code for the product will be lcgft and a
new LCCN prefix
of “gf” will appear on genre/form records.
Authority records which use LCGFT terms will have the
008/11 coded z for
other and the 040 subfield f will be coded as lcgft.
In bibliographic records, LCGFT terms will be
coded in the 655, with a 2nd indicator value of
7 and the source
code appearing in subfield 2.
Faceting
According
to Ms. Young, faceting is the coding
of single terms
or phrases, representing individual concepts, separately in the
bibliographic
record. One concept
per entity or field
provides for data predictability.
Ideally, data present within one section of a
bibliographic record would
not be repeated elsewhere and that all data elements would work
together to
provide a fuller understanding of the work described.
This generally has been the guiding principle
in the construction of genre/form terms.
However there have been instances where subject matter has
crept into
genre/form terminology. A
good example
of this occurs in the moving images portion of the LCGFT, where
superhero-themed movies can have headings assigned which combine the
character
with the genre, e.g., Batman films,
Superman films.
In
future systems, Ms. Young hopes
that the ability to browse LCSH and LCGFT terms and the ability to
limit by facet
will be available. Vocabulary
developers
can help this process by creating headings which are predictable in
their
structure and format. That
being said,
there is a constant tension between the need to maintain usable data
for today
while creating data for tomorrow.
Like
the god Janus, we most look to the future and the past simultaneously.
3. The Music
Genre/Form Project: Issues and Some Solutions – by Geraldine
Ostrove, PSD, LC
The
Library of Congress and the
Music Library Association are collaborating in the creation of a music
genre/form thesaurus. While
the project
still has a long way to go, there have been some significant milestones. These include agreement
between LC and MLA
on: a list of over 1000 terms which should be included in the
thesaurus; the
canceling of headings which are medium-only terms or terms which mix
form/genre
with medium; eliminating the current construction for musical settings
of
individual psalms and replacing it with a general term describing all
psalm
settings and a uniform title for the psalm text; converting
subdivisions for
musical format (e.g, Vocal scores with piano, Scores and parts, etc.)
into
headings that will be post-coordinated; finding a new place in the
bibliographic record for medium of performance; and finally, the
canceling of
headings qualified by language.
Facets,
as Ms. Ostrove sees it,
refer to broad, mutually-exclusive categories, describing different
aspects of
a resource. The
genre/form thesaurus
represents one of these facets. Terms
in
LCSH represent the facet of aboutness.
Medium of performance is yet another facet. For musicians, medium of
performance is
probably the most important facet.
It
requires special attention, especially since the majority of musical
works have
no specific form and because users are usually more interested in the
medium
than the form itself. Since
the project
has decided the LC subject headings will no longer be assigned for
medium of
performance, a new place in the bibliographic record must be found for
them. But this also
allows the project the
opportunity to completely re-think the way medium is presented in a
bibliographic record and not be bound to the often peculiar way medium
statements are currently constructed in LCSH.
Medium
of performance terms will
probably reside within LCSH as a controlled, searchable vocabulary. While the current terms
within LCSH function
as subject terms about the physical instrument itself, it appears the
terms can
also function as medium of performance terminology in describing what
the music
is. Some other
issues with LCSH will
also need to be ironed out when it comes to works about the music of a
particular instrument. For
example,
current practice would assign the term Piano music
to a work or works
for piano and the heading Piano music—History and
criticism to works
about piano music. In
future practice,
since a heading like Piano music will not have to
do double duty as a
genre/form term and a topical term, works about the music of the piano
would
probably just be assigned Piano music by itself, dropping the subdivision History
and
criticism. Subdivisions
denoting
form such as Bibliography would probably be a
separately assigned as
genre/form headings, available for post-coordination.
Currently valid LC heading strings with
complex medium statements, such as String quintets (Violins
(2), violas (2),
violoncello)--Analysis, appreciation will probably need to
be simplified to
String quintets—Analysis, appreciation in
a topical construction.
The
LC/MLA Genre/Form Task Force
has just begun to consider the question of whether carrier terms
(called extent
terms in RDA) should be included in the genre/form thesaurus. Current thinking at PSD
indicates that only
terms applicable on the FRBR levels of work and expression should be
included
in the genre/form thesaurus. Some
extent
terms, such as vocal score and piano score
are definitely terms
applicable on the expression level, because they indicate an
arrangement. Other
terms, such as study score,
indicate format, a manifestation or item level attribute. Because of this, PSD has
begun to collect
extent terms across disciplines to attempt to determine how exactly to
deal
with these terms and perhaps create a controlled vocabulary of extent
terms
that may or may not reside in the genre/form thesaurus.
The music project will need to work with the
wider genre/form community when the time comes to really start work on
this
question.
Other
vocabulary questions include
whether the vocabulary between RDA and the genre/form thesaurus needs
to be
aligned, the issue of aboutness within musical works and how best to
approach
it, reconciling syntaxes used for different classes of materials within
LCSH
that express the same concept, and terms within LCSH which look like
genre/form
terms but that are currently used in a topical manner.
As one can see, there is much work that
remains to be done, but the successes of the project so far indicate
that the
outstanding issues concerning music will most definitely be addressed
in the
near-future.
4.
Implementing
(parts of) FRAD in a FRBR-based Discovery System – by Jenn
Riley, Metadata
Librarian, Indiana University
Digital
Library Program
The
V/FRBR project at Indiana
University
is being developed as a public and concrete testbed for a full-scale
implementation
of FRBR which will contain real data (the Indiana University
music catalog) in a production environment.
The project is also a response to the call for testing of
the FRBR model
in the LC Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control report. Other secondary goals
include providing an
openly-accessible Web search interface for FRBR-ized data; providing
supporting
data, including data model documentation and FRBR-ized data, available
for
analysis by the larger metadata community; and to create metadata input
workflows based on innovative and evidence-based interface design
techniques,
which will make the most of the FRBR data model.
The
central question of the
project is how does one convert a conceptual model into a
full-production data
model, or put more simply, what does it really mean to "implement"
FRBR? The approach
of the Indiana
University Digital Library Program has been to interpret FRBR literally
whenever possible and to represent FRBR in a XML schema that can be
easily
shared. Also, the
XML schemas will be
developed in 3 different flavors, with the frbr XML schema representing
a
strict implementation, the efrbr XML schema representing an enhanced
FRBR
implementation, and the vfrbr XML schema that extends implementation to
music-specific
materials and that will hopefully serve as a model for other
domain-specific
implementations of FRBR.
The
implementation of the Function
Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) within the V/FRBR implementation
raises
some interesting questions. FRAD
adds
new entities, attributes, and relationships to the FRBR model. FRAD also extends the FRBR
model by stating
that bibliographic entities are known by names/identifiers which serve
as the
basis for controlled access points.
This
extension, while sounding benign, actually has large implications for
the FRBR
model. In FRBR the
title of a work or
the name of person is given as an attribute of the entity. In the way FRAD views the
world, a title or a
name is simply a label that serves as the basis for a controlled access
point. FRAD is
saying that what is
really important are the other attributes associated with the entity,
such as
place of birth, gender, dates of birth and death, just to name a few. FRAD suggests a catalog
that could be fully
internationalized, that would provide users with supplementary
information to
help them better understand context, and that would be research
systems, not
just finding systems.
In
the V/FRBR implementation, the
new FRAD attributes were added to existing FRBR entities, the entity
Family was
added to the model, and some of the relationships in FRAD were added. The entities Name,
Identifier, Controlled
Access Point, Rules, and Agency that were introduced in FRAD were not
added to
V/FRBR.
In practice this means the
attribute of title and of name were kept within their FRBR entities and
that a
way had to be devised to distinguish between primary titles or names
and
variant ones. Next on the horizon for the V/FRBR project is the public
release
of a beta search of imported data, the availability of FRBR-ized data
that can
be downloaded by the library community, and the development of a
FRBR-ized
cataloging tool.
To
move forward, the community
itself needs to embark on certain endeavors.
IFLA needs to officially resolve the differences between
FRBR and
FRAD. There also
need to be some real
FRAD implementations done that show the implications of the FRAD
conceptual
model. These
implementations also need
to concretely show the possible benefits of the additional data in the
FRAD
model. Finally,
ways need to be found to
pull this additional data from other sources and not just rely on
librarians to
provide it.
Business Meeting
- ACIG approved a
motion to create a member-at-large position to follow developments
concerning genre/form. Catherine
Scullion of Appleton Public Library was elected to fill the position. Richard Guinn, University
of Texas School of Public Health, was elected to the position of
member-at-large for local systems.
Elaine Winske, Florida-International University,
was re-elected to the position of member-at-large for uniform titles.
- 99 people attended
the ACIG meeting this year, a good number considering conflicts with
the RDA Update session and the PCC Participants' meeting and the
isolated location of the hotel from other ALA activities. The group was happy with
the program and felt that the general principles shined through
clearly, even though the program was heavily weighted towards music.
- Possible content
for a two hour meeting at Midwinter 2011 in San Diego was
discussed. Suggestions
included a report from RDA Test participants on authority control
related issues and the implications of the RDA test for NACO work.
- ACIG will be
seeking a person to serve as the Wiki/Blog Coordinator for the ALA
Connect site of ACIG. An
email to that effect will be sent out shortly to those who attended
this year's ACIG meeting.
Submitted by Damian
Iseminger, Chair, Authorities Subcommittee
Online Audiovisual Catalogers (OLAC) Cataloging
Policy Committee (CAPC)
Meeting
Friday, June
25,
7:30-9:30PM
Announcements
- A call will be
issued in September for new CAPC members.
Chair Robert Freeborn, Pennsylvania State University,
would prefer to have applications for membership in writing, but will
also accept email submissions to rbf6@psu.edu.
Reports
and
Discussions
- MARBI Report
– given by Catherine Gerhart, MARBI Liaison, University
of Washington. CAPC will be submitting
several proposals sometime in the future to MARBI, based on the CAPC
Video Language Coding Best Practices document, available at http://www.olacinc.org/drupal/capc_files/
langcodedraft1.pdf. One proposal would re-define how the
008/35-37 (fixed field Lang) is coded for moving images. CAPC proposes that for
moving image visual materials that the area be coded for the language
of the soundtrack. If
no sound is present on the resource, the field is to be coded zxx. In tandem with this, the
parameters for when moving image visual materials have no linguistic
content would also have to be re-defined.
In another future proposal, the 041a would also be
re-defined for moving image visual materials so that only the language
of the soundtrack is recorded. CAPC
would also like to have intertitles in moving image visual materials
coded as 041j. Currently
the subfield is only available for captions. Finally, CAPC would like a
better way of coding in the MARC formats for indicating the original
language of the material. Currently
it is unclear whether the languages coded in the 041h are for the
original languages of the content or are for intermediate translations.
Three options are under consideration.
Option 1 would create a new subfield in the 041 for
the intermediate translations and would reserve subfield h for the
original language. Option
2 would create a new subfield for the original language and reserve
subfield h for the intermediate translations.
Option 3 would make subfield h obsolete and would
create two new subfields: one for the original language and one for
intermediate translations. For
further details of the MARBI meeting at ALA Annual, please see the
report from Bruce Evans, MARC Subcommittee Chair, BCC.
- CC:DA Report
– given by Kelley McGrath, CC:DA liaison, Ball
State University. OLAC has created RDA
records for non-book materials, which will be displayed on the website
of the Joint Steering Committee for RDA (http://www.rda-jsc.org/index.html)
in the future. The
JSC will also be accepting proposals for their spring meeting after ALA
Midwinter 2011 for revisions to RDA.
The possibility exists for OLAC and MLA to work
together in submitting joint proposals to the JSC. For
details of the CC:DA meeting at ALA, please
see the report from Mark Scharff, Descriptive Cataloging Subcommittee
Chair, BCC.
- Subcommittee on
CAPC Resources – given by Robert Freeborn. David
Procházka has indicated that he wishes to step down as chair
of the subcommittee and recommended that Richard Leigh, be appointed
chair. Leigh has
accepted the position.
- Video Language
Coding Best Practices Task Force Report – given by Kelley
McGrath. The
recommendations of the report for clearer distinctions between oral and
written languages and for making the original language of the resource
unambiguous were discussed during the MARBI Report.
- Moving Image
Work-Level Records Task Force Report – given by Kelley
McGrath. The task
force has fulfilled its charge. A
summary of the work of the task force will soon be posted on the OLAC
website.
- LC Genre/Form
Headings for Moving Images Best Practices Task Force Report –
given by Scott Dutkiewicz, Clemson University,
for Bill Anderson, Connecticut State Library.
The draft of the guidelines has been released on the
OLAC website at http://www.olacinc.org/drupal/capc_files/moving-image-genre-guidelines-draft.pdf.
- OLAC CAPC/MLA BCC
Joint Task Force on SlotMusic Cataloging Best Practices Report
– given by Marcia Barrett, University of Alabama. The guide has been
published and is available on the OLAC website at http://www.
olacinc.org/drupal/capc_files/SlotMusic.pdf.
- Audiovisual
Materials Glossary Update Task Force – given by Heidi Frank,
New York University Libraries. The
task force has settled any copyright issues that might arise out of the
creation of the glossary update. Tentatively,
programming of the database will be complete by September 1, 2010,
terms will be added from Sept. 2010-Dec. 2010, and a front-end for the
database will be available in January 2011, before ALA Midwinter.
- RDA Testing
– given by Kelley McGrath.
The testing of RDA will begin in October 2010. OLAC and MLA are
participants in the test as a funnel contributor.
- Genre/Form
Headings Report – given by Janis L. Young, Library of
Congress. For
genre/form details, please see the report from Hermine Vermeij, Subject
Access Subcommittee Chair, BCC.
Old
Business
- BIBCO Standard
Records for Projected Visual Materials, Non-Projected Graphic
Materials, and Electronic Materials – given by Walter Walker,
Loyola
Marymount
University.
The task force completed its drafts in April 2010.
PCC submitted its response to the drafts in May 2010
and a response to the PCC was delivered at the end of May.
- Moving Image Work
Grant – given by Kelley McGrath.
Ms. McGrath is still in the process of finding sources
of grant funding for the creation of a moving image work records
database. OLAC has
agreed to fund a small-scale sample database, but work is stalled on
this project until more sources of funding can be found.
New
Business
- Possible MARBI
discussion paper concerning the coding of electronic resources in the
007 – given by Kelley McGrath and Catherine Gerhart. The proposed discussion
paper, as of yet unwritten, would offer more specific coding, instead
of “other” (coded as z in the bytes of the 007),
for aspects of an electronic resource.
Discussion at CAPC revolved around whether this was
something that was desirable.
- Possible MARBI
discussion paper concerning the definition of 046k coding –
given by Kelley McGrath and Catherine Gerhart.
The discussion revolved around whether the definition
of 046k in the Authorities and Bibliographic Formats should be defined
more specifically and whether additional coding for specific kinds of
dates associated with a work should be proposed.
It was also suggested during the discussion that
instead of modifying definitions in MARC, that OLAC should instead
create a Best Practices document for the coding of dates.
- Flash Memory
Device Best Practices Task Force – given by Robert Freeborn. It was discussed whether
such a task force should be created so soon before the release of RDA. No definitive conclusions
were reached at the meeting.
Closing
Announcement
The
OLAC Conference will be held in Macon, Georgia
from October 14-17, 2010. Online
registration is currently available at http://www.olacinc.org/drupal/
conference/2010/index.html.
Submitted by Damian
Iseminger, Chair, Authorities Subcommittee
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Last updated August 17, 2010